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The FIA European Bureau publishes an expert study on the market dynamics and consumer perspectives of electric vehicle (EVs) charging in Europe.
The report explores how electric vehicle (EV) charging systems are working across the European Union. It looks at how reliable, user-friendly, and accessible charging is, and whether consumers can easily understand and trust the system in place.
The study highlights that while AC and DC are the most used type of chargers, older systems like CHAdeMO are still in use and can create compatibility issues. Newer technologies, such as “plug and charge”, could make charging more convenient for users. However, making these features work well across different countries and systems requires cooperation among companies, grid operators, and service providers.
Additionally, the companies involved in building and running charging stations operate in different ways; some build large networks, others manage their own stations, and some provide charging as a service. Each of these models affects how prices are set and how transparent they are for users. Most public chargers charge based on how much electricity is used, but many also include extra fees or complex pricing structures. These companies also face difficulties in connecting new chargers to the power grid, a process that is often slow and unclear and discourages investment.
For consumers, convenience is the most important factor, followed by price, the use of renewable energy, and brand loyalty. Drivers also expressed frustration with unclear pricing, limited payment options, and not knowing where the electricity they’re using comes from. For disabled users, accessibility remains a major issue.
The study also looks at EV sales trends in Europe. Between 2019 and 2023, EV registrations tripled, reaching 1.5 million new cars per year. In 2024, that growth slowed down. Forecasts still predict strong growth in the coming years (up to 9.5 million EVs sold per year by 2030).
In terms of infrastructure, recent EU rules require countries to install a certain number of chargers based on how many EVs they have and how far people drive. By mid-2025, most EU countries had already met or exceeded their targets, especially France, Germany, and the Netherlands. The number of chargers across Europe is expected to nearly triple by 2030.
The report calls for continuing support to simplify and standardise the process of upgrading power grids and connecting chargers, improve communication about costs and subscription benefits, reduce complex pricing models, and foster inclusion.
